Charles Brooke, the second White Rajah of Sarawak, established the Sarawak Museum, the oldest museum in Borneo. The Brooke dynasty also encouraged the immigration of Chinese merchants but forbade the Chinese to settle outside of towns in order to minimise the impact on the Dayak way of life. They governed with the aid of the Muslim Malay and enlisted the Ibans and other ' Dayak' as a contingent militia.

In contrast to many other areas of the empire, however, the Brooke dynasty was intent on a policy of paternalism in order to protect the indigenous population against exploitation. The Brooke dynasty ruled Sarawak for a hundred years and became famous as the ' White Rajahs', accorded a status within the British Empire similar to that of the rulers of Indian princely states. In practice Brunei had only controlled strategic river and coastal forts in much of the lost territory, so most of the gain was at the expense of Muslim warlords and of the de facto independence of local tribes. The Sarawak territories were greatly enlarged under the Brooke dynasty, mostly at the expense of areas nominally under the control of Brunei. His nephew Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke became Rajah after his death he was succeeded on his death in 1917 by his son, Charles Vyner Brooke, with the condition that Charles should rule in consultation with his brother Bertram Brooke. Brooke ruled the territory, later expanded, across the western regions of Sarawak around Kuching until his death in 1868. James Brooke was appointed Rajah by the Sultan of Brunei on 18 August 1842. Sir James Brooke, Raja of Sarawak Brooke Dynasty Sarawak was thus an independent kingdom from 1841 until 1888, when the state was placed under British protection. He effectively became the Rajah of Sarawak and founded the White Rajah Dynasty of Sarawak, later extending his administration through an agreement with the Sultan of Brunei. On 24 September 1841, Pangeran Muda Hashim bestowed the title Governor to James Brooke. Pangeran Muda Hashim signed a treaty in 1841 surrendering Sarawak and Sinian to Brooke. In 1841, Brooke paid another visit to Sarawak and this time he agreed to provide assistance. Pangeran Muda Hashim initially requested assistance in the matter, but Brooke refused.

Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1827вЂ“1852), the Sultan of Brunei, ordered Pangeran Muda Hashim in 1839 to restore order and it was during this time that James Brooke arrived in Sarawak. During the reign of Pangeran Indera Mahkota in 19th century, Sarawak was facing chaos. By the early 19th century, Sarawak had become a loosely governed territory under the control of the Brunei Sultanate. During the 17th century, Sarawak was self-governed under Sultan Tengah. The area of Sarawak was known to Portuguese cartographers as Cerava. The eastern seaboard of Borneo was charted, though not settled, by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. See also: Kingdom of Sarawak and Anti-cession movement of Sarawak As of the last census (2010), the state population was 2,420,009. Major cities and towns include Miri (pop. The administrative capital is Kuching, which has a population of 658,562. It is the largest state in Malaysia followed by Sabah, the second largest state located to the north-east. Known as Bumi Kenyalang ('Land of the Hornbills'), Sarawak is situated on the north-west of the island. Sarawak (Jawi:ШіШ±Ш§Щ€Щ‚) ( Malay pronunciation: ) is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. 084 ( Sibu), ( Kapit), ( Sarikei), ( Mukah)Д 85 ( Miri), ( Limbang), ( Marudi), ( Lawas)ДЄccession with the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia

Population in sarawak